원본 Skill 문서
원본 저장소의 제목, 예시, 코드, 표, 링크, 이미지를 유지해 표시합니다.
Spring Boot Security Review
Use when adding auth, handling input, creating endpoints, or dealing with secrets.
When to Activate
- Adding authentication (JWT, OAuth2, session-based)
- Implementing authorization (@PreAuthorize, role-based access)
- Validating user input (Bean Validation, custom validators)
- Configuring CORS, CSRF, or security headers
- Managing secrets (Vault, environment variables)
- Adding rate limiting or brute-force protection
- Scanning dependencies for CVEs
Authentication
- Prefer stateless JWT or opaque tokens with revocation list
- Use
httpOnly,Secure,SameSite=Strictcookies for sessions - Validate tokens with
OncePerRequestFilteror resource server
java
@Component
public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final JwtService jwtService;
public JwtAuthFilter(JwtService jwtService) {
this.jwtService = jwtService;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String header = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
if (header != null && header.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
String token = header.substring(7);
Authentication auth = jwtService.authenticate(token);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth);
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}Authorization
- Enable method security:
@EnableMethodSecurity - Use
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")or@PreAuthorize("@authz.canEdit(#id)") - Deny by default; expose only required scopes
java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/admin")
public class AdminController {
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
@GetMapping("/users")
public List<UserDto> listUsers() {
return userService.findAll();
}
@PreAuthorize("@authz.isOwner(#id, authentication)")
@DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
userService.delete(id);
return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
}
}Input Validation
- Use Bean Validation with
@Validon controllers - Apply constraints on DTOs:
@NotBlank,@Email,@Size, custom validators - Sanitize any HTML with a whitelist before rendering
java
// BAD: No validation
@PostMapping("/users")
public User createUser(@RequestBody UserDto dto) {
return userService.create(dto);
}
// GOOD: Validated DTO
public record CreateUserDto(
@NotBlank @Size(max = 100) String name,
@NotBlank @Email String email,
@NotNull @Min(0) @Max(150) Integer age
) {}
@PostMapping("/users")
public ResponseEntity<UserDto> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserDto dto) {
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED)
.body(userService.create(dto));
}SQL Injection Prevention
- Use Spring Data repositories or parameterized queries
- For native queries, use
:parambindings; never concatenate strings
java
// BAD: String concatenation in native query
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + name + "'", nativeQuery = true)
// GOOD: Parameterized native query
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = :name", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByName(@Param("name") String name);
// GOOD: Spring Data derived query (auto-parameterized)
List<User> findByEmailAndActiveTrue(String email);Password Encoding
- Always hash passwords with BCrypt or Argon2 — never store plaintext
- Use
PasswordEncoderbean, not manual hashing
java
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(12); // cost factor 12
}
// In service
public User register(CreateUserDto dto) {
String hashedPassword = passwordEncoder.encode(dto.password());
return userRepository.save(new User(dto.email(), hashedPassword));
}CSRF Protection
- For browser session apps, keep CSRF enabled; include token in forms/headers
- For pure APIs with Bearer tokens, disable CSRF and rely on stateless auth
java
http
.csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable())
.sessionManagement(sm -> sm.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS));Secrets Management
- No secrets in source; load from env or vault
- Keep
application.ymlfree of credentials; use placeholders - Rotate tokens and DB credentials regularly
yaml
# BAD: Hardcoded in application.yml
spring:
datasource:
password: mySecretPassword123
# GOOD: Environment variable placeholder
spring:
datasource:
password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
# GOOD: Spring Cloud Vault integration
spring:
cloud:
vault:
uri: https://vault.example.com
token: ${VAULT_TOKEN}Security Headers
java
http
.headers(headers -> headers
.contentSecurityPolicy(csp -> csp
.policyDirectives("default-src 'self'"))
.frameOptions(HeadersConfigurer.FrameOptionsConfig::sameOrigin)
.xssProtection(Customizer.withDefaults())
.referrerPolicy(rp -> rp.policy(ReferrerPolicyHeaderWriter.ReferrerPolicy.NO_REFERRER)));CORS Configuration
- Configure CORS at the security filter level, not per-controller
- Restrict allowed origins — never use
*in production
java
@Bean
public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
config.setAllowedOrigins(List.of("https://app.example.com"));
config.setAllowedMethods(List.of("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"));
config.setAllowedHeaders(List.of("Authorization", "Content-Type"));
config.setAllowCredentials(true);
config.setMaxAge(3600L);
UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
source.registerCorsConfiguration("/api/**", config);
return source;
}
// In SecurityFilterChain:
http.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()));Rate Limiting
- Apply Bucket4j or gateway-level limits on expensive endpoints
- Log and alert on bursts; return 429 with retry hints
java
// Using Bucket4j for per-endpoint rate limiting
@Component
public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private Bucket createBucket() {
return Bucket.builder()
.addLimit(Bandwidth.classic(100, Refill.intervally(100, Duration.ofMinutes(1))))
.build();
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr();
Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp, k -> createBucket());
if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
response.getWriter().write("{\"error\": \"Rate limit exceeded\"}");
}
}
}Dependency Security
- Run OWASP Dependency Check / Snyk in CI
- Keep Spring Boot and Spring Security on supported versions
- Fail builds on known CVEs
Logging and PII
- Never log secrets, tokens, passwords, or full PAN data
- Redact sensitive fields; use structured JSON logging
File Uploads
- Validate size, content type, and extension
- Store outside web root; scan if required
Checklist Before Release
- [ ] Auth tokens validated and expired correctly
- [ ] Authorization guards on every sensitive path
- [ ] All inputs validated and sanitized
- [ ] No string-concatenated SQL
- [ ] CSRF posture correct for app type
- [ ] Secrets externalized; none committed
- [ ] Security headers configured
- [ ] Rate limiting on APIs
- [ ] Dependencies scanned and up to date
- [ ] Logs free of sensitive data
Remember: Deny by default, validate inputs, least privilege, and secure-by-configuration first.
