wu529778790/shenzjd-skills

git-hooks-setup

Use when setting up git hooks (pre-commit, commit-msg, pre-push) with husky or native hooks for linting, formatting, commit conventions, and secret scanning.

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Git Hooks Setup

一键配置 Git Hooks,标准化团队开发流程。

Overview

自动生成 pre-commit / commit-msg / pre-push hook 配置,包含代码格式化、commit message 校验、敏感信息检查。支持 husky 和原生 git hooks 两种方案。

When to Use

  • User wants to set up git hooks
  • User mentions pre-commit or commit message conventions
  • User wants to automate lint/format checks
  • User inputs /git-hooks-setup
  • User wants to enforce pre-push checks (tests, lint)
  • User wants to prevent pushing broken code
  • User wants to standardize team commit message format
  • User wants to add secret scanning before commit
  • User wants to auto-format code on every commit

When NOT to Use:

  • User only wants to view current git hooks configuration
  • User wants CI-based checks (no local hooks needed)
  • User's project already has a complete hooks setup
  • User wants to run hooks on specific files only (use lint-staged directly)
  • User wants to hook into Git events other than pre-commit/commit-msg/push

Core Pattern

Step 1: 检测项目环境

bash
# 检测包管理器(按 lock 文件判断)
if [ -f "package-lock.json" ]; then PACKAGE_MANAGER="npm"
elif [ -f "yarn.lock" ]; then PACKAGE_MANAGER="yarn"
elif [ -f "pnpm-lock.yaml" ]; then PACKAGE_MANAGER="pnpm"

# 检测已有 hooks 配置
test -d ".husky" && echo "husky 已配置"
test -f ".git/hooks/pre-commit" && echo "原生 hooks 已配置"

# 从 package.json 检测已安装的 lint 工具(eslint/prettier/lint 相关)

Step 2: 选择方案

方案适用场景优点
huskyNode.js 项目团队协作友好,配置即代码
原生 git hooks非 Node.js 项目无依赖

Step 3: 生成配置

方案 A: Husky

bash
# 根据 $PACKAGE_MANAGER 选择: pnpm dlx / yarn dlx / npx
husky init    # 初始化 husky

生成 .husky/pre-commit(执行 lint-staged)和 .husky/commit-msg(执行 commitlint),注意 commitlint 需加 --no 前缀避免交互式安装。

生成 lint-staged 配置(写入 package.json):

json
{
  "lint-staged": {
    "*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}": ["eslint --fix", "prettier --write"],
    "*.{json,md,yml}": ["prettier --write"]
  }
}

生成 .husky/pre-push(可选,push 前跑测试):

bash
# 根据包管理器选择命令
if [ "$PACKAGE_MANAGER" = "pnpm" ]; then
  pnpm test
elif [ "$PACKAGE_MANAGER" = "yarn" ]; then
  yarn test
else
  npm test
fi

方案 B: 原生 git hooks

bash
cat > .git/hooks/pre-commit << 'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
# 自动 lint + format(按项目实际替换命令;示例为 Node 项目)
if [ -f "package.json" ] && [ -x "$(command -v npm)" ]; then
  npm run lint -- --fix 2>/dev/null || true
  npm run format 2>/dev/null || true
fi
# 注意:不要执行 git add -u —— 那会把用户未暂存的改动也一并提交。
# 若需把 lint 修复的结果纳入提交,请使用 lint-staged(只处理暂存文件)。
EOF
chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit

# pre-push hook(可选,push 前跑测试;按项目实际替换)
cat > .git/hooks/pre-push << 'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
if [ -f "package.json" ] && [ -x "$(command -v npm)" ]; then
  npm test || exit 1
fi
EOF
chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-push

Step 4: 配置 Commit Message 规范

templates/commitlint.config.js 复制到项目根目录(commitlint.config.js)。该配置基于 @commitlint/config-conventional,校验 commit message 格式:

type(scope): subject

# type: feat|fix|docs|style|refactor|test|chore|perf|ci|build|revert
# scope: 可选,影响范围
# subject: 简短描述(header-max-length 限制 100 字符)

同步安装 commitlint 依赖:

bash
npm install -D @commitlint/cli @commitlint/config-conventional

Step 5: 添加敏感信息检查

⚠️ 不要用 grep "password|secret|token" 这种关键字扫描 —— 业务代码里出现 "token"/"secret" 字样是常态,会大面积误报导致提交被频繁拦截。

推荐使用 gitleaks(专门做密钥扫描,内置熵检测 + 允许列表,误报率低):

bash
# 生成 gitleaks pre-commit hook
npx gitleaks git-config 2>/dev/null || brew install gitleaks && gitleaks git-config
# 或手动在 .git/hooks/pre-commit 中加入:
# gitleaks protect --staged --verbose 2>&1
# 若 gitleaks 不可用,宁可跳过也不要退化成关键字 grep

如果确实无法安装 gitleaks,退而求其次也要避免整词误报 —— 只匹配高置信度模式(如私钥块、AWS 密钥格式),不要匹配 token/secret/password 这类业务常用词:

bash
# 低误报替代方案:只扫私钥和云厂商密钥格式(示例)
if git diff --cached --diff-filter=ACM --name-only -z | xargs -0 grep -IlE "BEGIN (RSA |EC |OPENSSH )?PRIVATE KEY|AKIA[0-9A-Z]{16}|ghp_[A-Za-z0-9]{36}" 2>/dev/null | grep -q .; then
  echo "警告: 检测到可能的密钥泄露,请检查后重新提交"
  exit 1
fi

Quick Reference

bash
/git-hooks-setup                    # 交互式选择方案和 hooks
/git-hooks-setup --husky            # 直接用 husky
/git-hooks-setup --native           # 直接用原生 git hooks
参数说明默认值
--husky使用 husky自动检测
--native使用原生 git hooksfalse
--commitlint添加 commit message 校验true

Common Mistakes

错误正确做法原因
hook 脚本没有执行权限chmod +x .git/hooks/*hook 不会运行
lint-staged 配置太多规则只检查暂存文件减少提交等待时间
commit message 校验太严格先宽松后收紧避免团队抵触
不检查敏感信息加入密钥扫描防止泄露
.git/hooks 不提交用 husky/lefthook 管理团队需要共享配置
pre-push hook 跑太久只跑快速检查,完整测试放 CIpush 被阻塞影响效率
hook 中使用相对路径使用绝对路径或项目根目录不同目录执行时路径解析失败
跳过 prepare 脚本确保 package.json 的 prepare 运行 husky(v9+)CI 环境 hook 不生效
commitlint 规则与团队不一致使用 commitlint.config.js 统一配置口头约定容易被违反
不配置 --no-verify 白名单允许 --no-verify 但记录日志紧急修复时不能被完全阻断
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