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Setting Up EC2 Instance Profiles
Overview
Domain expertise for granting EC2 instances secure access to AWS services using IAM roles and instance profiles. Covers the full lifecycle: identifying required permissions, creating or reusing IAM roles with least-privilege policies, creating instance profiles, attaching them to EC2 instances, and verifying credential availability.
Configure an EC2 instance profile
To set up an IAM role and instance profile for an EC2 instance, follow the procedure exactly. See EC2 instance profile setup procedure.
Troubleshooting
Instance not found
Verify the instance ID and region are correct. List instances with aws ec2 describe-instances --region <region>.
Instance already has a profile
The procedure handles replacement — it will prompt before disassociating the existing profile.
Credentials not available after attachment
Instance profile propagation can take 30–60 seconds. Applications may need a restart to pick up new credentials.
Access denied errors
Check that the role's policies include the required actions and resource ARNs. Review CloudTrail logs for the specific denied action.
Application still uses hardcoded credentials
Remove credentials from config files, environment variables (AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY), and ~/.aws/credentials. The SDK default credential chain will then use the instance profile.
