使用方法
- 复制安装命令，在自己的智能体环境安装前先检查源码包。
- 从原始文档核对所需工具、凭据和支持的宿主。
- 说明输入材料与期望交付物，并对照来源检查输出。
npx skills add https://github.com/yonatankarp/software-design-skills --skill ddd-domain-service开始前需了解
- 安装不包含模型订阅、API 额度或访问文件的权限。
- 仓库星数和安装量反映活跃情况，不等于独立质量或安全测试。
按源仓库内容呈现，保留标题、案例、代码、表格、链接以及原文引用的演示图片。
One-line summary
A domain service is a stateless operation in the domain layer that doesn't naturally sit on a single entity or value object — usually because it coordinates multiple aggregates or involves a domain computation that isn't anchored to one thing.
When to use this skill
- A cohesive domain operation involves multiple aggregates (e.g., transferring money between two
Accountaggregates). - A calculation involves domain types but isn't naturally a method on any of them (e.g., currency conversion, given exchange rates).
- Forcing the behavior onto one of the participating entities would make that entity "know too much" about the others.
When NOT to use this skill
- The logic fits cleanly on a single entity — put it there.
- The work is application-layer orchestration (handling a use case, opening a transaction, calling repositories) — that is an application service, not a domain service.
- The work is infrastructure (HTTP calls, database access, message sending) — that is an infrastructure service.
Core content
Three kinds of services often coexist in a DDD codebase. Keep them distinct:
Domain service. Lives in the domain layer. Operates on domain types only. Stateless. Expresses a verb in the ubiquitous language — TransferService.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount), not AccountUtils.handleTransfer(...).
Application service. Orchestrates a use case. Opens transactions, calls repositories, invokes domain services, dispatches events. Stateless. Lives in the application layer.
Infrastructure service. Talks to the outside world — sends HTTP, writes to a database, publishes to a queue. Lives in the infrastructure layer.
A domain service is named for what it does in domain terms. TransferService and ExchangeRateConverter are good names. TransferManager and TransferHelper are smells — they hide the verb behind technical noise.
Decision heuristics
- Prefer entity behavior. Reach for a domain service only when the operation involves multiple aggregates or has no natural home.
- If a domain service has state, it is almost certainly misclassified — make it a domain entity, a value object, or move the state into one of the participating aggregates.
- If a domain service grows to dozens of methods, it is probably a "transaction script" in disguise — split it or push behavior back onto entities.
Anti-patterns
*Servicesuffix on every class — the domain becomes a collection of transaction scripts over data DTOs (see anemic-domain-model inddd-anti-patterns).- Putting infrastructure (database, HTTP) inside a domain service — couples the domain to deployment concerns.
- Domain services that mutate the entities they are given without going through the entity's methods — bypasses invariants.
- Stateful "services" that hold caches, sessions, or other process state.
See also
ddd-entity— first preference is to put behavior here.ddd-aggregate— domain services often coordinate across aggregates.ddd-anti-patterns— anemic-model and service-explosion smells.
References
- Evans, Domain-Driven Design (2003), Ch. 5 (A Model Expressed in Software).
