How to use
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- Check the source document for required tools, credentials and supported hosts.
- Describe your input and desired deliverable; review the output against the source material.
npx skills add https://github.com/wshobson/agents --skill monorepo-managementBefore you start
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Original skill document
Rendered from the source repository. Headings, examples, code, tables, links, and referenced images are preserved.
Monorepo Management
Build efficient, scalable monorepos that enable code sharing, consistent tooling, and atomic changes across multiple packages and applications.
When to Use This Skill
- Setting up new monorepo projects
- Migrating from multi-repo to monorepo
- Optimizing build and test performance
- Managing shared dependencies
- Implementing code sharing strategies
- Setting up CI/CD for monorepos
- Versioning and publishing packages
- Debugging monorepo-specific issues
Core Concepts
1. Why Monorepos?
Advantages:
- Shared code and dependencies
- Atomic commits across projects
- Consistent tooling and standards
- Easier refactoring
- Simplified dependency management
- Better code visibility
Challenges:
- Build performance at scale
- CI/CD complexity
- Access control
- Large Git repository
2. Monorepo Tools
Package Managers:
- pnpm workspaces (recommended)
- npm workspaces
- Yarn workspaces
Build Systems:
- Turborepo (recommended for most)
- Nx (feature-rich, complex)
- Lerna (older, maintenance mode)
Turborepo Setup
Initial Setup
bash
# Create new monorepo
npx create-turbo@latest my-monorepo
cd my-monorepo
# Structure:
# apps/
# web/ - Next.js app
# docs/ - Documentation site
# packages/
# ui/ - Shared UI components
# config/ - Shared configurations
# tsconfig/ - Shared TypeScript configs
# turbo.json - Turborepo configuration
# package.json - Root package.jsonConfiguration
json
// turbo.json
{
"$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
"globalDependencies": ["**/.env.*local"],
"tasks": {
"build": {
"dependsOn": ["^build"],
"outputs": ["dist/**", ".next/**", "!.next/cache/**"]
},
"test": {
"dependsOn": ["build"],
"outputs": ["coverage/**"]
},
"lint": {
"outputs": []
},
"dev": {
"cache": false,
"persistent": true
},
"type-check": {
"dependsOn": ["^build"],
"outputs": []
}
}
}json
// package.json (root)
{
"name": "my-monorepo",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"build": "turbo run build",
"dev": "turbo run dev",
"test": "turbo run test",
"lint": "turbo run lint",
"format": "prettier --write \"**/*.{ts,tsx,md}\"",
"clean": "turbo run clean && rm -rf node_modules"
},
"devDependencies": {
"turbo": "^2.0.0",
"prettier": "^3.0.0",
"typescript": "^5.0.0"
},
"packageManager": "pnpm@8.0.0"
}pnpm reads workspace packages only from pnpm-workspace.yaml, so declare them there (see references/details.md). Turborepo 2 renamed pipeline to tasks and rejects a turbo.json that still uses pipeline; run npx @turbo/codemod migrate to upgrade a 1.x config.
Package Structure
json
// packages/ui/package.json
{
"name": "@repo/ui",
"version": "0.0.0",
"private": true,
"main": "./dist/index.js",
"types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
"exports": {
".": {
"import": "./dist/index.js",
"types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
},
"./button": {
"import": "./dist/button.js",
"types": "./dist/button.d.ts"
}
},
"scripts": {
"build": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts",
"dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts --watch",
"lint": "eslint src/",
"type-check": "tsc --noEmit"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@repo/tsconfig": "workspace:*",
"tsup": "^7.0.0",
"typescript": "^5.0.0"
},
"dependencies": {
"react": "^18.2.0"
}
}Detailed patterns and worked examples
Detailed pattern documentation lives in references/details.md. Read that file when the navigation tier above is insufficient.
Best Practices
- Consistent Versioning: Lock dependency versions across workspace
- Shared Configs: Centralize ESLint, TypeScript, Prettier configs
- Dependency Graph: Keep it acyclic, avoid circular dependencies
- Cache Effectively: Configure inputs/outputs correctly
- Type Safety: Share types between frontend/backend
- Testing Strategy: Unit tests in packages, E2E in apps
- Documentation: README in each package
- Release Strategy: Use changesets for versioning
Common Pitfalls
- Circular Dependencies: A depends on B, B depends on A
- Phantom Dependencies: Using deps not in package.json
- Incorrect Cache Inputs: Missing files in Turborepo inputs
- Over-Sharing: Sharing code that should be separate
- Under-Sharing: Duplicating code across packages
- Large Monorepos: Without proper tooling, builds slow down
Publishing Packages
bash
# Using Changesets
pnpm add -Dw @changesets/cli
pnpm changeset init
# Create changeset
pnpm changeset
# Version packages
pnpm changeset version
# Publish
pnpm changeset publishyaml
# .github/workflows/release.yml
- name: Create Release Pull Request or Publish
uses: changesets/action@v1
with:
publish: pnpm release
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
